The market for electric charging stations - France (2024)

1.2 The global market

The global market for electric charging stations was estimated at $**.** billion in ****, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of **.*% to ****, reaching $***.** billion.

Global electric charging station market forecast World, **** - **** Source: ****

Currently, the majority of electric vehicle (***) charging needs are met by home chargers. However, to achieve a level of convenience and accessibility equivalent to that of conventional vehicles, public charging infrastructure is becoming increasingly necessary. By the end of ****, there were *.* million public charging points worldwide, of which over ***,*** were installed in ****, marking a **% increase on ****. This growth is comparable to that seen before the pandemic, with an annual growth rate of **% between **** and ****. Particularly in dense urban areas where access to home charging is limited, public charging infrastructure is essential to encourage EV adoption[***].

There are two different types of charging station: slow and fast. They are differentiated by the power they are capable of delivering. Slow charging stations are capable of delivering between *.* and ** kW, while fast charging stations range from ** to *** kW.

Slow bollards:

By ****, over ***,*** public slow charging stations had been installed worldwide, including ***,*** in China, bringing the country's total to over one million. China thus holds more than half of the world's public ...

1.3 The European market in the process of structuring

The European Union's aim is to create a dense network of charging points for electric vehicles, comparable in convenience to those for gasoline-powered cars. A provisional agreement was reached on March **, **** to update EU rules on alternative fuel infrastructure. The agreement calls for the installation of fast charging stations (***) every ** km along the trans-European transport network by ****. Europe aims to significantly increase the number of charging points, with leaders such as the Netherlands, France and Germany. France plans to equip all freeway service areas with charging stations by the autumn[***].

The European market for the construction of electric charging stations was estimated at *** million euros in ****, and should reach * billion euros by ****[***].

European network of public charging stations Europe, ****, in percent Source: ****

If we assume that the proportion of publicly available charging stations reflects national market shares, we can consider that the French market accounted for **% of the European market for the construction of electric charging stations in ****, or ** million euros.

There has been a particularly rapid increase in the deployment of charging stations in Europe in recent years.

trend in the number of charging stations in Europe Europe, **** - ****, in thousands Source: ****

The network will have grown from **,*** charging stations ...

1.4 A flourishing French market

In ****, the number of public charging points in France exceeded ***,***, marking a significant increase of ****% on ****. The first quarter of the year ended with a total of *,*** installations, representing a **.*% increase on the previous quarter. [***]

The "***,*** charging points plan", launched by the government in ****, aimed to set up ***,*** public charging points for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles by the end of ****. This milestone was only reached in May ****, according to the Avere-France agency and the French Ministry of Ecological Transition. In March ****, there were ***,*** charging points open to the public and the equivalent of *** charging points per ***,*** inhabitants. [***]

trend in the number of recharging points France, **** - ****, in units Source: ****

In ****, only *.**% of all charging points were accessible to the public, which means that the number of public and private charging points in France is closer to *.* million. According to Enedis, the target for **** is to have * million charging points, including ***,*** public ones. [***]

Distribution of charging points by type of accessibility France, April ****, in % of total number Source: ****

Charging points open to the public:

Looking at data on publicly accessible charging points, the joint barometer of the French Ministry of Energy Transition and Avere-France based on GIREVE data gives us these ...

2.1 Terminal demand and its determinants

Demand for electric charging stations in France is growing rapidly. To meet demand from the *.* million electric vehicles expected to be on the roads of mainland France by ****, the number of public charging stations will need to rise to ***,*** by ****. This expansion will include both public and private charging infrastructures. It will be essential to step up efforts to develop the charging network to meet this growing need and support the national objective of ***% sales of new zero-emission vehicles by ****. This development is in line with the European Commission's "Fit for **" proposal, which reinforces the European Union's climate objectives[***].

The demand for private and public charging stations depends on several factors:

growth in the number of electric cars or plug-in hybrids: every purchase of an electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid leads to the installation of a private charging point at home, thus stimulating the market for private charging points as well as, less directly, the market for public charging points.the European Union recommends a ratio of one charging point for every ** electric vehicles. public authorities stimulate the market for public and private charging stations : the territorial coverage of public charging stations is above all the result of public action, which ...

2.2 Growth in the number of electric cars in France

Despite a slow start due to factors such as high cost, lack of recharging infrastructure and limited public understanding, the number of electric vehihicles registered in France rose sharply during ****, despite the pandemic, the economic crisis and the shortage of semiconductors[***]. As shown in the graph below, the number of electric cars sold in France rose from **,*** in **** to ***,*** in ****(***), and stood at ***,*** in ****.

number of electric cars sold in France France, **** - ****, in thousands of vehicles Source: ****

The market share of electric cars has risen from *.*% in **** to **% in ****, a sign of the growing interest in this type of vehicle.

trend in market share of electric car sales France, **** - ****, in Source: ****

This strong growth will take the number of electric cars to *,***,*** in ****, representing an increase of ***% on ****.

number of electric cars in France France, **** - ****, in thousands of vehicles Source: ****

There is a clear preference for battery-electric vehicles (***), accounting for **.*% of the French electric car fleet in ****. Growth in the electric car market is also being boosted by French and European regulations.

Low Emission Zones(***), which are cities and metropolises with high levels of air pollution, have been set up in France. These zones can ban the circulation ...

2.3 A network of charging stations that is expanding, but still unevenly distributed

Initially scheduled for completion by the end of ****, the French government's objective of deploying ***,*** electric charging stations across the country has been postponed to **** due to the economic climate. The government's aim is to enable drivers to recharge their vehicles to **% in ** minutes, encouraging new habits that are more respectful of the environment and road safety. In addition, the deployment of a large number of charging stations will enable drivers to envisage longer journeys with their electric vehicle, and thus democratize electric mobility.

The French Ministry of Ecological Transition, in collaboration with Avere-France and based on Gireve data, has announced that the target of ***,*** charging points open to the public was reached on May *, ****. The ratio is now *** charging points per ***,*** inhabitants, as of March ****.

The graph below highlights the significant disparities in infrastructure distribution across France. With a national total of **,*** stations, some regions, such as Ile-de-France (***), have a much smaller number, highlighting a disparity in the accessibility of charging infrastructures.

Source: ****

The graph below shows much higher coverage, with a total of ***,*** points nationwide. This figure reflects the existence of several charging points per station, maximizing their capacity, especially in urban areas. Once again, Île-de-France stands out with **,*** points, ...

2.4 Service to be improved

Afirev (***) has been publishing quality results for the French public charging network every year since ****. We will use these results in this section to estimate user satisfaction.

The graph below shows that usage rates are on the rise, whatever the charging station category. The most frequently used charging stations remain home charging stations (***), then those located on the street, in dedicated parking spaces.

level of use of public charging points in **** France, **** - ****, in Source: ****

According to theObservatoire de la qualité du service de recharge des véhicules électriques, satisfaction with charging at public access stations remains stable at a good level, with an average of **% across all charging sites. The proportion of very satisfied users has improved slightly, from **% in **** to **% this year.

Overall satisfaction is particularly high at service stations. As for freeways, there has been a notable increase, with very satisfied users rising from **% to **%. On the other hand, satisfaction with on-street parking is down, with a score of **%, compared with **% in ****.

Average satisfaction with different recharging locations France, **** - ****, in Source: ****

In ****, user satisfaction with various aspects of the mapping application is high overall, ranging from **% to **%. Reliability of information on the type of bollard is **%, while ...

3.1 Intervenants sur le marché des bornes de recharge

Le premier type d’acteur intervenant dans la chaîne de valeur des bornes de recharge électriques est le fabricant. Le marché des bornes de recharge fait également intervenir d'autres types d'acteurs. Le tableau suivant donne un aperçu des différentes catégories d’entreprises et de leur activité sur le marché.

3.2 Government assistance plans

Advenir program:

Created in ****, the Advenir program is steered by Avere-France and aims to install charging stations using the concept of energy certificates, and in particular to finance ***,*** new charging points by ****, with a budget of *** million euros.

The scheme offers a range of incentives for the installation of charging points. The following recharging point installers are eligible for grants:

private individuals for the installation of a charging point in a condominium ; companies for installations for their fleets or employees; local authorities for installations for their internal fleets or employees.

The ADVENIR subsidy covers supply and installation costs: **% in ****, **% in ****, then **% in **** and **** for charging points in private parking lots for fleets and employees. The maximum amount of aid paid is set at €*** (***) per charging point[***].

Climate law and resilience:

In addition, the Loi d'Orientation des Mobilités, known as the "LOM", of December **, **** brings together immediate concrete measures and medium- to long-term objectives. or long-term objectives, enabling the government to set a precise target for reducing CO* emissions from transport, with a view to achieving carbon neutrality by ****.

Fleet electrification : private companies with fleets of over *** vehicles will be required to acquire a minimum proportion of low-emission vehicles (***) when renewing ...

3.3 Un paysage entrepreneurial français dynamique

Le segment de l’exploitation des bornes a vu apparaître un nombre important de startups avec un grand nombre de levées de fonds effectués par des entreprises proposant une grande variété de services. Le tableau suivant en donne un aperçu.

Zoom sur les fabricants de bornes électriques :

On dénombre une trentaine d'acteurs en France dans la fabrication de bornes électriques. Le paysage est très concurrentiel et les entreprises ne sont pas rentables pour l'instant. Les acteurs sont de différentes tailles, entre grands groupes et start-up innovantes, comme Zeplug, Waat ou encore E-Totem. Les grands groupes comme Schneider Electric ou Sobem-Scame sont les leaders de la fabrication de bornes électriques. Ils vendent leurs bornes soit via des distributeurs, soit directement. Il faut bien différencier les fabricants des distributeurs (***) [***].

4.1 Typology of terminals available in France

With regard to plugs for recharging electric and hybrid vehicles, the European Commission has designated the following two standards:

Type * for alternating current (***) charging at slow and accelerated charging stations; Combo CCS (***) charging at fast and ultra-fast charging stations.

Source: ****

The following chart shows the breakdown of charging stations open to the public by power category. In terms of performance, **% of public charging stations in France offer a power rating of less than ** kW.

Charging type by power category France, ****, in Source: ****

Unlike single-phase current, which has a voltage of *** volts, three-phase current has a voltage of *** volts. The main difference between single-phase and three-phase current is the power that the plug can handle.

Electric vehicles are systematically supplied with a cable for recharging at a standard socket. However, this type of recharging remains limited in terms of recharging speed, as the current intensity is kept below * or ** A.

The use of a Wallbox is recommended by manufacturers, and enables vehicles to be recharged with a higher current intensity. Wallboxes are still expensive, with prices ranging from *** to *,*** euros, plus installation costs[***].

The main players in the charging station field are Tesla, with *** stations, Power Dot, which has ***, TotalEnergies with *** stations, ...

4.2 Price overview

First of all, an electric vehicle can be recharged at an outdoor charging station using the following access methods:

access badge, which may be specific to a network of charging stations or managed by a third-party service (***) ; SMS or interactive voice server; credit card; application or QR code (***); directly from the vehicle (***).

Then there are several billing systems:

billing by kWh; billing by the hour or minute (***); flat-rate billing.

The cost then depends on the following factors

bollard type (***) ; operator; time of year (***); subscription.

It is therefore difficult to give a general price, but the following examples give an idea of current prices for fast charging stations:

Source: ****

Tesla offers different tariffs for its superchargers open to Tesla vehicles and even those of other brands:

Source: ****

Several operators, including Tesla, Fastned and Ionity, offer cost-cutting strategies to attract customers and dissuade them from switching to the competition. These strategies include monthly subscriptions that allow vehicles to be charged at a lower cost.

Source: ****

On the other hand, there are a multitude of recharge cards that offer the possibility of recharging vehicles in almost any location. However, the appeal of these cards has diminished from what it once was.

5. Current regulations on charging stations

The French Ministry of Ecological Transition and Solidarity (***) includes the following provisions concerning charging stations:

The government has introduced a series of measures to promote the deployment of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. These measures focus on three main areas:

support for infrastructure installation, regulation, promotion of electric vehicles.

According to the French Ministry of Ecology and Solidarity, the type of infrastructure and the project owner will determine the financial assistance dedicated to the installation of an electric vehicle charging point:

For local authorities

Several editions of the Programme d'Investissement pour l'Avenir (***) have financed some €** million for the installation of over **,*** charging points, largely supported by local authorities. The French Ministry of Ecological Transition, the Ministry of the Economy and Finance and ADEME have published a study to take stock of the need for new infrastructure.

SMEs and craftsmen

Since February **, ****, the ADVENIR program has promoted through financial aid the installation of **,*** private charging stations in parking lots (***) and in collective housing.the installation of private charging stations is also promoted: private individuals can obtain a **% tax credit.

The French government is also promoting infrastructure development through legislation. The French Energy Transition for Green Growth Act sets a target of * million ...

6. Segmentation

• Total Energies
• Schneider Electric
• Bouygues Energie et Service (Equans)
• Engie
• Ionity
• Legrand Groupe
• Nexans groupe
• Indigo Parking Group
• ZePlug
• Ziggy (Ford)
• Powerdot
• Wattpark
• ZE-Watt
• Grolleau
• E-Totem
• Izivia (EDF)
• Driveco
• Electric 55 Charging
• Enedis
• Rexel
• Mobilize (Renault Groupe)
• Ortec Group
• Swish
• Time2plug
• Easy Charge (Vinci)
• Logivolt
• SPIE
• Siemens
• DBT-CEV Groupe
• Tesla
• EDF
• Mob-Energy
• Freshmile
• Gireve
• QONEXIO PCE services
• Allego
• Greenspot Enersoft