The kosher food market - France

1.2 A fast-growing global market

In ****, global kosher food sales were close to US$** billion[***]. It is expected to reach more than $**.* billion in ****, an increase of **% over the period and an average annual growth rate (***) of *.*%.

Global Kosher Food Market Size World, **** - ****, USD billion Source: ****

The United States is the largest market worldwide, accounting for **% of the market share. This is followed by the Africa and Middle East market, the European market, and then the Asia-Pacific and Latin America markets. [***]

Pareve products, i.e. without meat and milk, which include a wide variety of products (***). Meat and dairy products accounted for **.*% of the global market turnover in ****. [***]

Market Breakdown World, ****, in % Source: ****

1.3 A niche and stable market in France

There are very few figures on the kosher market in France to date. However, in ****,the kosher market in France was estimated at *** million euros, or **% of the European market[***]

The kosher market has some similarities with the halal market, which is why it is interesting to compare these two markets. The following graph shows the market size of kosher and halal foods. We can see thatthe halal market is more than ** times bigger than the kosher market. The main reason for this difference in market size is the difference in size of the Jewish and Muslim populations. It is about ***,*** for Jews and * million for Muslims (***). Moreover, while the kosher market is stable, the halal market is growing strongly, by about **% per year. [***]

Market size of kosher and halal in France France, ****, in millions of euros Source: ****

****Recalculated*****

There are very few figures on the kosher market in France to date.

In order to estimate the size of the French kosher market, we have multiplied the Jewish population in France (***).

Thus, in the "low" estimate, we obtain the following calculation

***,**** **%*(***) = *** million euros

In the same way, for the high estimate, we obtain :

***,**** **%*(***) = *** million euros

But in reality, ...

2.1 The Jewish community, target clientele

If everyone can buy kosher products, the target customer is the Jewish community.

In France, in ****, the observatory of secularism, through the institute Viavoice, proposes the distribution of the French population according to its links with a religion. The Catholic religion is largely in the lead with **% of people declaring themselves linked to it. Judaism, with *% of people linked to it, comes in fifth position, on a par with Orthodox Christianity and behind Islam (***).

Distribution of declared links with religions France, ****, in % Source: ****

Thus, multiplying the number of inhabitants in France in **** (***), allows us to obtain an estimate of the number of people constituting a potential base of consumption of kosher food in France. We thus obtain the figure of ***,*** potential consumers of kosher food linked to the Jewish religion.

For its part, the CRIF (***), the Jewish community of France counted ***,*** members in ****.[***]. However, this figure is lower according to thePew Research Center, which estimates the Jewish population in France at ***,*** in ****. Moreover, according to thePew Research Center, the Jewish population in France should change little over the long term, from ***,*** in **** to ***,*** in ****. Agroligne, for their part, retained the figure of ***,*** in ****.

However, over the last few years, the share ...

2.2 Halal consumers: an important determinant of demand

Kosher meat can be consumed by Muslims, as it meets the requirements of halal (***). [***]. Moreover, the consumption habits of halal consumers can provide a better understanding of the consumption of kosher food, for which data is much more scarce.

Muslim population in France:

According to Pew Research Center estimates, there were *.* million Muslims in France in ****, a +**% growth in eight years. According to the institute's projections, the number of Muslims is expected to continue to grow to **.*% of the French population in **** (***).[***]

However, many sources contradict this information, claiming that Muslims would be around *.* million, including a study by François Héran. [***]

Share of the Muslim population France, **** vs. *****, % of French population Source: ****

In any case, the increase in the number of Muslims in France constitutes a growth lever for the kosher food market. Regular consumers: Halal meat consumers are generally regular. Indeed, according to a survey by IFOP in ****, **% of Muslims surveyed said they systematically consume halal meat, against *% occasionally.

Share of French Muslims buying halal meat by frequency of purchase France, ****, as a % Source: ****

2.3 Other demand segments

According to Star K, a kosher certification agency, kosher foods don't just appeal to particular ethnic groups. They identify other segments of demand for kosher-stamped products:

Other religious denominations :

It's not just people of Jewish and Muslim faiths who may consume kosher as part of their religion. Other religions or sects, such as Seventh Day Adventists and Christian sects, have certain dietary restrictions similar to those of Judaism.

Lactose Intolerant and Milk Protein Allergic:

Lactose intolerance and especially milk protein allergy can have serious health consequences for some people, even if ingested in small quantities. This category of consumers trusts kosher labels for their high level of requirement. Indeed, the production of kosher food requires a strict separation between meat and milk. Thus, if the product is labeled "Parve", it does not contain any milk derivatives.

Vegetarians

Vegetarians exclude meat, poultry and fish from their diet. Kosher certifications, together with the "Parve" label, guarantee that the product does not contain any meat, milk or poultry derivatives, and that it is suitable for a vegetarian diet.in addition, the KBDP(***) certification offers a "V" logo for vegan products.

Guarantee of quality

The kosher label is also perceived by some consumers, apart from ...

2.4 Demand trends

Consumers are increasingly aware of the health risks of ritual slaughter:

Consumers are, for example, increasingly attentive to the health risks arising from ritual slaughter of the animal. The main health risk of this type of slaughter concerns the health and safety of the carcasses and stems in particular from the "slicing of the trachea and esophagus, which can causethis may allow bacteria present in the animal's digestive system (***), according to which "during the bleeding of the animal, the trachea and esophagus must remain intact." Nevertheless, this regulation authorizes it in the case of slaughtering as part of a religious rite.

Trends in the food sector:

The food market, like other food markets, is subject to fundamental trends that are transforming the sector. Three in particular can have a lasting impact on the kosher food market:

Organic products:

Organic products have been increasingly consumed in France since ****. After a sharp increase between **** and ****, the consumption of organic products at least once a month has remained stable since then, at around **%. This increase in consumption reflects consumers' desire to consume in a more responsible manner, whether for the environment or for their health, since these two aspects are perceived as the main ...

3.1 Two categories of players structure the market

The market for kosher foodsis mostly concentratedconcentrated around two types of actors.The first is made up of specialized kosher food players, who are positioned exclusively on kosher foods The second type is made up of food giants, whose offer is very diversified.

Source: ****

Most of the major food groups have some of their products certified kosher. This is for example the case of Nutella and Kinder Country at Ferrero, tomato ketchup at Heinz, Lions and Nestquik at Nestlé etc. Coca-Cola had to slightly modify its recipe to be certified kosher in ****. [Although these large groups are making the effort to certify products that are easily "kosherizable", thus allowing them to expand their market share, they are less likely to offer kosher ranges and products where the kosherization process is more complicated, as is the case for meat.

On the side of the actors specialized in kosher food, the tendency is to extend the ranges, allowing to propose a wider choice to the consumers. There is also a desire to reduce the prices of products, which are higher than the prices of non-kosher products. Especially since the price would now be a more important purchase criterion than the logos (***) for consumers. ...

3.2 Meat and Kosher meat production in France

The Confédération Nationale de l'Élevage details certain characteristics of meat production in France. It is organized according to two herds:

The "dairy herd," which represents **% of the total herd and is composed of animals originating from and destined for milk production. **% of the animals are selected for herd renewal. **% of the calves marketed for their meat are for slaughter. The "specialized herd", also called "suckling herd", which represents **% of the total herd and is composed of animals raised specifically for their meat. Some producers have specialized in one of the stages of growth of the animals (***). The products obtained are calves, heifers and cull cows, and are intended for consumption. The breeds concerned are diverse: Charolais, Limousin, Blonde d'Aquitaine...

Figures from Interbev, FranceAgrimer and Ifop Edition relayed byLsa Conso, and theCNE, show that France occupies a place of first order in the European meat market:

France has the largest cattle herd in Europe with more than ** million head France produces *.* million tons of beef each year France produces more than *.* million tons of pork each year France produced ** tons of sheep, including ** tons of lamb in **** As for poultry, France is positioned as the third largest European poultry ...

3.3 Distribution mainly captured by specialized stores

There are five main sales channels for kosher foods:

Large and medium-sized stores, such as Système U, Carrefour, Auchan, and Leclerc Thespecialized storessuch as Espace Casher,Hypercacher Specialized butcher shops Online stores, such as Gros Kash, AuCasher, CacherShop Restaurants, whether exclusively kosher(***)

It is interesting to note that supermarkets have not invested much in the kosher food segment, contrary to the halal food segment, which is already well established and growing in supermarkets. [***]

This can be explained by the fact that there are fewer people of the Jewish faith than Muslims, and therefore a less interesting market for distributors, and by consumers' distrust of kosher food from large-scale distribution with regard to product traceability and respect for the rite.

In fact, the Jewish community seems to go mainly to specialized kosher stores for the wider choice of products and the assurance of finding kosher-compliant products[***]. The following table shows the number of kosher-certified establishments by type of business in France.

Source: ****

4.1 A significant price premium for kosher foods

We propose here a price comparison of a basic basket between kosher products and their "classic" equivalents.

We can see from the following table thatthe prices ofkosher products, whatever the category, are generally much higher than the prices of their so-called "classic" equivalents. Indeed, the realization of a basic basket of kosher products shows that the prices per kilogram are most of the time *.* to * times more expensive than their "classic" equivalents.

This price difference can be explained by the strict and restrictive requirements, generating an additional cost during the transformation process of kosher food, by the small size of the market and the small market size of the sector, which does not allow for economies of scale in production or encourage investment in the sector. In addition, there is the rabbinical tax levied for the granting of the kosher certificate, which also finances part of the religious activities. This tax is *** to *** euros every two months, depending on the size of the business. For butchers, it is based on the volume of meat sold. in addition to this tax, there is the payment of the salary of a "shomer", a ritual supervisor who must be present during the opening hours ...

4.2 Supply trends

Brands focus on product expansion and diversification

The kosher market is progressively seeing the range of products offered expand, although to a much lesser extent than for halal foods. If a department is not always dedicated exclusively to kosher products, there are more and more references. The offer, which was previously limited to basic foods (***) [***]

Towards a kosher offer for the general public? :

Today, the kosher market is mainly driven by religious consumption. However, kosher products can be consumed by non-Jews. The offer could tend towards the general public, especially with a marketing that is more oriented towards the latter and not necessarily towards religious people. Indeed, consumers are more and more concerned about the traceability of food products, especially after food scandals such as horse meat instead of beef (***) or the presence of fecal matter in Ikea tarts.

Because of their demanding certification processes, especially regarding traceability, kosher products could respond to this concern of a part of non-religious consumers.

Products of French origin

Another growth strategy adopted by manufacturers is to promote the French origin of their kosher products. Indeed, the butchers LaViandeCasher, LeaderViandeCasher insist on this aspect in the presentation of their products.

Organic kosher :

As is the ...

5.1 The main regulatory standards governing the meat market in France

Non-exhaustive list.

The "Hygiene Package": it is a set of European hygiene standards to ensure the minimum level of health safety at the European level and imposed on all actors in the food chain. They mainly include the following regulations: Regulation (***) n°***/****, Regulation (***) n°***/****, Regulation (***) n°***/****, Regulation (***) n°***/****, Regulation (***) n°***/****, Regulation (***) n°***/****

TheEuropean decree ***/**** concerns the traceability of the meats and was established in order to be able to find their whole path,

Thedecree of April *, **** concerning the labeling of beef, where must appear in particular the country of birth of the animal, the country of breeding and the country of slaughter, the information on the food chain must also be indicated.the decree of April *, **** concerning the labeling of beef, where the country of birth of the animal, the country of breeding and the country of slaughter must be indicated, the information on the food chain must also be available at any time of the routing of the meat because these sanitary data can be checked by veterinary services,

There are French and European norms that allow for the awarding of labels to meats, a guarantee of quality and compliance with regulations. Among the most popular labels, we have AOC, ...

5.2 Regulations governing ritual slaughter

The European regulation(***) makes it compulsory to stun animals intended for human consumption before their slaughter.

According to this regulation, "during the bleeding of the animal, the trachea and esophagus must remain intact Nevertheless, this regulation, as well as the Rural and Maritime Fishing Code(***), provides for a derogation in the case where stunning is not compatible with the ritual prescriptions of the free exercise of religion.

However, this derogation is highly regulated, both for reasons of public health (***) granted by the prefect of the department[***]

Then,Regulation ****/****, in force since January ****, has strengthened the framework concerning the protection of animals in slaughterhouses. For example, concerning the operating procedures that must be "standardized, to ensure that operators take into account the obligation to protect slaughtered animals. Controls of the good loss of consciousness of the animals are notably systematized before proceeding to the subsequent stages of the slaughter" and concerning the training of the personnel with new obligations of training and the designation of a person in charge of the animal protection (***) within each establishment.

In addition, it is the departmental directorates in charge of population protection(***) that control the proper consideration of the specific requirements that apply to ritual slaughter ...

5.3 Kosher certification regulations

In France, as far as kosher meat is concerned, the sacrificers are authorized bythe Chief Rabbinate of France, itself approved by the Ministry of Agriculture.

For its part, the Consistory, the authority of Jewish communities in France, is recognized by the Ministry of the Interior and publishes a list of controlled products by category and affixes its label: the KBDP (***).

The Consistory claims to "put in place a whole system of controls: ritual slaughter, verification of products, monitoring of butchers, bakeries, grocery stores, caterers ... to ensure a Kashrut (***) irreproachable to all the faithful."

However, other certification bodies exist, such as Certif IK and the European Kosher Certification Board. The latter offers * terms to define the product:

kacherparvé = neutral (***) - Kosher halavi = dairy product - Kacher lepessah = for the Jewish Passover - Kacher meat = meat product

Other certifications, issued by other rabbinates, have an international reputation and are therefore often present on products of foreign origin. This is for example the case of the recognized certifications of the Orthodox Union, American rabbinate of Brooklyn, and of the Organised Kashrus Labotories, American rabbinate also of Brooklyn. These certifications are sometimes present in France on products of foreign origin, and can also allow French ...

6. Segmentation

• Bigard groupe
• Agrial Coopérative Primeal
• André Kacher - André Krief
• Yarden France
• Makabi Cash service
• Buchinger
• CPK
• Kobe Kosher
• L'atelier de Yael
• Leader viande
• Maison Beya
• Micha Food
• Vegekash Kobek