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Summary of our market study
Sales in the French steel industry are in the region of 15 billion euros. Consumption is around 30 million tonnes.
China dominates global steel production and consumption.
Carbon steel predominates. Electric furnace production accounts for around 30% of steel production in France.
France's trade balance went from a surplus of over €1 billion in steel products in 2015 to a deficit of €1.6 billion.
The construction sector accounts for between 40% and 45% of steel consumption.
Global and French steel market players
- ArcelorMittal
- China Baowu Group
- Nippon Steel Corporation
- Riva Acier France
- Aubert & Duval specializes in high-performance steels
- Aperam Group specializes in stainless steel production.
- Eramet
- Valourec specializes in the production of steel tubes and pipes
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Summary and extracts
1 Market overview
1.1 Definition and scope of the study
The steel industry represents all the techniques and industries involved in the manufacture of iron and iron alloys. It is an essential sub-field of metallurgy, which studies the manufacture of metals in general.
The world's biggest steel producers are China, which will dominate global production with more than half of global output in 2020 (928.3 Mt ), followed by Indiaindia (106.5 Mt) andjapan (104.3 Mt). China's dominance can be explained by the fact that the country is rapidly urbanizing, and that demand for steel is high in the construction sector, for example, but also by the fact that the Chinese government is actively implementing strategies aimed at consolidating its position as the world's leading producer.
For its part, the European Union produces around 160 million tonnesof finished steel per year.
The steel industry and the iron ore and coal mining industries, which supply its main raw materials, have historically been highly cyclical highly cyclical. They are strongly affected by general economic conditions, consumer trends as well as global production capacity and fluctuations in international trade steel trade and customs duties. This is due to the cyclical nature of the automotive, construction, machinery & equipment and transport industries, which are the main consumers of steel.
As defined by INSEE, the steel industry in France comprises :
- production of pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, brines or other forms
- production of ferroalloys
- production of ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ores and other spongy ferrous products
- production of exceptionally pure iron by electrolysis and other chemical processes
- the production of iron or steel ingot scrap
- the production of iron pellets and powders
- production of steel ingots and other primary forms
- production of steel semi-finished products
- the manufacture of flat-rolled steel products obtained by hot and cold rolling
- manufacture of hot-rolled steel bars
- manufacture of hot-rolled steel open sections
- production of steel sheet piling and welded open sections
- manufacture of unassembled rail track components in steel
At2022,one ofmajor challengeschallenges for the steel industryrising steel prices in Europemost of these are the result of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict underway since February 2022.
1.2 World market: Global steel production to slow down in 2022, despite considerable resilience to Covid 19
World steel production Source: ****
Since the subprime crisis, global steel production has continued to rise, with an average annual growth rate of *,**%. The steel industry has shown remarkable resilience during the global health crisis of COVID-**, maintaining relatively stable production between **** and ****, even when the global economy, particularly the construction sector, ...
1.3 French market
French steel market sales trend (***) France, ****-****, Million euros Source: Insee /Insee sales in the French steel market grew at an average annual rate of *,**% between **** and ****. GDP, meanwhile, grew by an average of *% a year over the same period, reaching **.* billion euros in ****. The French market has not been as ...
1.4: Balance of trade
Imports/exports of steel products in France France,****-****, million euros Source: French Customs French exports of steel products (***) grew by an average of *.**% over the period **** to ****with a significant drop of around **% in ****. This decline was largely offset in **** and ****, with respective increases of **% and **% in exports. However, despite ...
2 Demand analysis
2.1 Construction: Europe's No. 1 consumer of steel products
Steel consumption in France France, ****, %, steel consumption
At European level, the construction industry is the leading consumer of steel products. Despite French production mainly based on the production of flat productsused in industry (***), beams and steel for metal envelopes
Index of evolution of income in construction ****-****, value of index **** = *** Source: ...
2.2 The transport industry: France's second-largest consumer of steel products
With**%of French steel production,the transport sector is France's second largest steel consumer. This is largely due to the automotive sector, but also to the railways
Steel used in the automotive sector (***) is a high value-added product.high value-added productsused for bodywork and engine components.
Sales growth index for the ...
3 Market structure
3.1 Value chain
Today, steel production can be divided into two main processes: the melting process and the casting processhe cast-iron processand theelectric die. In France, the electric sector accounts for around **% of steel production, a figure lower than before the ****-**** crisis. In the United States, on the other hand, the electric sector ...
3.2 The different professions in the French steel industry
Basic steelmaking :
Basic steelmaking encompasses the process of steel production in a steel mill, where raw ore or scrap is transformed into various forms of semi-finished products such as slabs, billets, blooms, and many others.
Cold drawing
Wire drawing refers to the operation whereby a metal wire is passed through a ...
3.3 Determinants of steel industry activity
In this section, we will examine the various factors that explain the past and future development of the steel industry:
*) Consumers of steel products
As we have already seen in section * on the sectors that consume steel products, the good financial and economic health of these various sectors has a ...
3.4 Workforce and steel plants in France
Number of establishments in the steel industry in France France, ****-****, Number of establishments Source: ****
Number of employees in steel establishments in France France, ****-****, Number of employees Source: ****
The number of steel plants in France has remained relatively stable for around a decade, with a total of around ** . Significant barriers ...
4 Offer analysis
4.1 Types of offer
Steel is the second most the produced in the world after cement. This metal is widely used because it is cheap, strong and highly versatile. Steel is relatively environmentally friendly compared to other materials, as it is fully recyclable and consumes little energy. Most steels contain iron and varying amounts of ...
4.2 Basic steelmaking
Basic steel production trend index France, ****-****, Base *** in **** Source: ****
In ****, basic steel production in France recorded a significant drop of *.*%to below pre-crisis levels. This decline is mainly due to the combined effects of the deteriorating economic context and the energy crisis affecting Europe, which had a particular impact on ...
4.3 Primary steel production
Sales for the French manufacture of steel tubes, pipes, hollow sections and related accessories France,****-****, Index base *** in **** Source: ****
since the subprime crisis, there has been a general since the subprime crisis, there has been a general downward trend in sales in steel tube and pipe production. However, it is ...
4.4 A price strongly correlated with raw material prices.
French industrial producer price index: (***) France, ****-****, base *** (***) Source: ****
International price indices for imported raw materials: Iron France, ****-****, base *** (***) Source: ****
Producer prices for steel products rose sharply in **** and ****, in correlation with the significant increase in raw material prices, particularly for iron ore. However, this upward trend in producer prices ...
5 Regulations
5.1 Regulations
As steelmakers generate almost **% of their business from exports, they are highly sensitive to changes in international regulations, particularly with regard to customs duties.
In France, the steel industry is governed by the Convention Collective Nationale de la Sidérurgie of November **, ****
The EU is the world's second largest steel producer ...
6 Positioning the players
6.1 Player segmentation
- ArcelorMittal
- Aperam Groupe - Aperam Stainless France
- Eramet
- China Baowu Group
- Nippon Steel Trading Europe
- Riva Acier France
- Vallourec
- Aubert et Duval
- ThyssenKrupp
- Ascometal
- Industeel (Arcelor Mittal)
- H2 Green Steel
- Nippon Steel Corporation
- Erasteel
- Saarstahl Ascoval
- Bacacier Groupe (Kingspan)
- Paturle Aciers
- Aciers Coste
- Aciéries et laminoirs de Rives
- Bonpertuis
- NLMK Strasbourg
List of charts presented in this market study
- Steel consumption in France by sector of activity
- Index of income growth in construction 2005-2022, value of index 2015 = 100
- Global steel production
- Worldwide breakdown of crude steel production
- Largest steel-producing countries
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Latest news
ArcelorMittal officially becomes Vallourec's largest shareholder - 06/08/2024
- - Sale of Apollo shares to ArcelorMittal: 955 million euros
- - ArcelorMittal holds 28.4% of the voting rights and 27.5% of the capital of Vallourec.
- - The company now has 14,000 employees, including over a thousand in France.
- - In 2023, gross operating income of 1.19 billion euros on sales of 5.11 billion euros.
Recovering Vallourec sets its sights on hydrogen - 11/02/2024
- Vallourec is a specialist in seamless tubes.
- Vallourec was on the verge of bankruptcy in 2021.
- In 2022, structural decisions were taken to turn the company around, including the closure of certain plants in Germany and France.
- By 2024, the Group will have just 13,000 employees, including 1,200 in France.
- Vallourec currently employs 17,000 people.
- Vallourec has operations in Brazil, the USA, China and the Middle East.
ArcelorMittal: Italy on the verge of putting one of Europe's largest steelworks into receivership - 18/01/2024
- Acciaierie d'Italia was placed under Italian state administration in 2015.
- ArcelorMittal became the main shareholder in 2018, holding 62% of the company's capital.
- The Italian government has committed to providing public aid of up to €1 billion in December 2022.
- The company provides 11,000 direct jobs, and up to 20,000 if indirect jobs are counted.
- Planned production should have reached 8 million tonnes by 2025, but has fallen to 3 million tonnes by 2023.
Lithium: Eramet and Electricité de Strasbourg set out to conquer Alsace's white gold - 06/12/2023
- The "Ageli" project, which stands for Alsace géothermie lithium, aims to produce the equivalent of 10,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate by the end of the decade.000 tonnes of lithium carbonate, enough to cover the needs of 10% to 15% of France's future gigafactories and to equip 250,000 electric cars with batteries.
- In Latin America, the French mining group uses a lithium sponge to capture the white metal contained in pumped brine. Once the white gold has been extracted, the water is reinjected. The Argentine project is expected to produce 24,000 tonnes of lithium per year.
- In Alsace, the idea is to capture lithium by passing brine from the Rhine basin through the lithium sponge.
- ES operates another geothermal power plant in Soultz-sous-Forêts, where Eramet has also conducted tests
- Lithium becomes the key product for profitable geothermal projects
Storing hydrogen in tubes: Vallourec's idea to get the fuel cell vehicle market off the ground - 06/12/2023
- The Vallourec Group has inaugurated a hydrogen storage demonstrator at its Aulnoye-Aymeries site
- They have designed a system of columns, made up of interconnected steel tubes, which are installed underground at depths of up to 100 meters
- Each tube can hold 25 to 30 kg of hydrogen, compressed at 300 bar (i.e. 200 to 250 kg per column)
- The Group aims to provide a storage solution for quantities of hydrogen ranging from 10 to 100 tonnes
- Vallourec has launched these tubes under a new brand name, Delphy
- The Group aims for Vallourec New Energies to contribute 10-15% of the Group's EBITDA by 2030
- Vallourec expects revenues of up to several tens of millions of euros per storage unit
- Fossil fuels are Vallourec's main source of revenue.
Bacacier by Kingspan strengthens its position in sandwich panels for building insulation in Riom | Kingspan invests in building insulation in Riom - 21/10/2023
- Kingspan has announced a €70 million investment in the construction of the Bacacier Village in Riom (Puy-de-Dôme) in February 2022.
- Two new production lines will be installed by the end of 2023.
- Since 2019, more than 130 employees have been recruited to support the company's growth.
- Bacacier By Kingspan has 8 production sites in France and employs nearly 600 people.
- Kingspan has 15,500 employees worldwide.
- Kingspan achieved sales of 8.3 billion euros in 2022.
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The steel market | France
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