Summary of our market study
As of 2020, the UK sushi market exhibits a promising growth trajectory, although the COVID-19 pandemic has delivered a significant impact. Prior to the pandemic, the UK sushi restaurant count reached an estimated 641, signifying a steady growth of the sector. Key players like Yo! Sushi and Itsu, which are part of a larger fraction of chains dominating the market, faced closures and downsizing due to the pandemic, with Yo! Sushi permanently shutting 19 outlets and Itsu operating only 14 of its 78 venues. Supermarkets have become crucial in the sushi scene, with 44% of survey respondents buying sushi from these outlets.
The popularity of sushi delivery has surged, propelled by the pandemic and the expansion of delivery services like Just Eat, Deliveroo, and Uber Eats. In terms of revenue, Yo! Sushi reported a turnover of £88.9 million, while Itsu had £116.6 million and Wasabi £115.1 million. Sushi Daily, operating approximately 200 kiosks in the UK, reported a turnover of £345 million for its entire European operations in 2020. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, the demand for sushi remains strong, as signified by its role in food-to-go sales and the noted market trend toward sushi kit purchases and ingredient retail.
Evolving Tastes: The Rising Trend of Sushi Consumption in the UK
The UK's appetite for sushi exemplifies a nation's evolving culinary tastes and a growing trend of embracing global cuisine. Over the past decade, the UK has witnessed a notable surge in the number of Japanese and sushi-specific restaurants, rising by 67%, and further growing to an estimated 641. This rapid expansion highlights a stark contrast to the overall growth of restaurant openings in the UK, which was at 20% during the same initial period. Diving deeper into consumer behavior, sushi stands as a highly favored choice among various demographics. Notably, around one in five adults in the UK express their enjoyment of sushi, ranking it as the fourth Asian food in terms of popularity. Although a common misconception suggests a youthful skew, more than half of sushi consumers are over 35 years old, indicating its broader appeal. The sushi market has not only expanded in restaurants but also in retail. Supermarkets are increasingly becoming key players in the sushi market, which is reflected in the fact that approximately 44% of respondents report purchasing sushi at these outlets. Major UK supermarket chains have recognized and acted on this opportunity by partnering with sushi providers, thus making sushi a common find in their aisles.
Additionally, the food delivery sector has witnessed remarkable growth due to the pandemic, suggesting that sushi consumption via delivery services has likely increased as well. On the financial landscape, the UK sushi market reveals significant figures. Combining the turnover of major sushi chains—Yo! Sushi, Itsu, and Wasabi—yields a cumulative figure of between £300 and £320 million in revenue. This economic performance demonstrates the robust nature of the market and its potential for sustained growth. Regarding sushi varieties, consumers in the UK have a plethora of choices ranging from Makis, Temakis, and Nigiris to various seafood options such as salmon, tuna, mackerel, and more. The popularity of certain types, particularly salmon and tuna, affect market prices and consumer spending. Salmon saw a slight price drop to approximately £16.62 per kilogram, while tuna experienced a price increase to around £6.78 per kilogram. Ultimately, the UK's sushi market is evolving into a promising field driven by consumer demand for diverse and high-quality food options, and incentivized by the strategic positioning of restaurants, supermarket retail offerings, and the facilitation of delivery services.
Key Sushi Market Leaders in the UK: A Snapshot
In the bustling landscape of the UK’s sushi scene, several market leaders have carved out strong positions, shaping the industry with their offerings and distinctive business models. These prominent players demonstrate the diversity and the passion for sushi that permeates the British culinary horizons.
- Yo! Sushi has become synonymous with sushi in the UK, widely acclaimed for its innovative conveyor belt system that delivers a variety of sushi plates directly to diners at their tables. As one of the pioneers in quick-service sushi dining, Yo! Sushi has created an interactive and accessible experience, which appeals to both sushi connoisseurs and novices alike.
- Itsu stands out for its health-centric approach to sushi, offering a menu crafted with wellness in mind. With beautifully designed, bright stores and a focus on nutritious ingredients, Itsu has captivated a customer base that's looking for a quick yet wholesome bite that doesn't compromise on taste or quality.
- Wasabi offers its unique brand of sushi and bento to eager consumers. With an emphasis on authenticity and freshness, Wasabi invites its patrons to enjoy a taste of Japan through a selection that ranges from familiar favorites to adventurous choices, tailored to cater to a variety of preferences.
- Sticks 'n' Sushi combines the concept of sushi with succulent yakitori sticks, presenting a Danish interpretation of Japanese dining. This blend of two cultures results in an eclectic and upscale offering that differentiates Sticks 'n' Sushi from its competitors, providing an elevated dining experience.
- Beyond traditional restaurant formats, Sushi Daily has captured a distinct segment of the market with its kiosk model. Stationed in supermarkets and bustling transit hubs, Sushi Daily offers convenience to customers seeking fresh sushi on the go, disrupting the market with a grab-and-eat concept.
The presence of these main players underscores a dynamic and competitive UK sushi market where innovation, quality, and variety are at the forefront of consumer demands. As the industry continues to evolve, these leaders are likely to drive new trends and cater to the ever-growing appetite for sushi in the UK.
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Summary and extracts
1 Market overview
1.1 Definition and scope of the study
Sushi is a Japanese dish based on vinegar rice (shari) and another ingredient (neta) which most often is raw fish.
There are different types of sushi, however the core is made up of:
- Makis - sushi in the form of a roll wrapped in seaweed
- Temakis - the preparation is similar to maki but it has the form of a cone
- Nigiris - Slice of raw fish laid on an oval-shaped rice ball
The global market is in full expansion, driven by the dynamism of Japanese restaurants in all regions of the world, where Asia and North America in particular are growing at a rapid pace. It is also these regions which currently have the largest number of Japanese restaurants.
In the UK, sushi is becoming increasingly popular. In particular, tuna and salmon sushi prevails in consumer preferences. Moreover, chilled sushi will be a key driver for market growth. Meanwhile, the growth in the number of restaurants has been slowing down and the market is moving towards higher concentration.
Finally, COVID-19’s effect on the industry has been mixed. Restaurants have suffered immensely from foregone sales due to lockdown measures. Meanwhile, Brits have purchased sushi meal kits at an increasing pace, which has boosted revenues for players in this industry as well as retailers of sushi ingredients [mintel].
1.2 The global market is concentrated in Asia
Sushi is strongly rooted in Japanese culture, which subsequently has positive spillover effects on the revenue which the industry generates. These revenues were slightly impacted by the crisis between **** and ****, losing *% of value (***) [***]
Revenue generated by sushi consumption Japan, ****-****, in trillions of yen CAGR ****-****: *.*% Source Anan-zaidan
In ****, there were approximately ***,*** Japanese restaurants outside of Japan whereas according to a report by NHK, taken up by Forbes, the number of Japanese restaurants in the world was **,*** in ****. The main hubs for these restaurants are Asia (***). [***]
In ****, there were approximately ***,*** japanese restaurants, with the following breakdown : **% for Asia, **% for North America and *% for Europe. It shows that Asia has know a high growth over the last two years.
Number of japanese restaurants by geographic zone World, ****, number of restaurants in hundreds (***) Source: Asia Nikkei
1.3 A Promising British Market
The UK sushi market is clearly on an upwards trend, and it has been for a while now. Research suggests that the market's annual revenue was estimated at £** million in **** [***].
Despite a relatively low annual revenue, the sushi market in the UK has been following a promising growth over the last ** years. In ****, the number of Japanese/sushi restaurants in the country was ***, being a **% increase from the *** restaurants that existed in **** [***]. As it can be seen from the graph below, the number of sushi restaurants in the UK was growing at over **% per year between **** and **** and from **** to ****, it was growing by around *% per year.
Sushi restaurant growth UK FSC
To put into perspective the growth of the UK sushi market, the overall growth of restaurant openings in the UK between **** and **** was **% - Sushi restaurants grew by **% [***]. It is important to note, however, that while most of these restaurants predominantely offer sushi, a significant proportion of them also offer other Japanese specialities.
1.4 Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic
The Covid-** pandemic proved to be a big blow for the restauration industry in the UK. With UK restaurants suffering an average decline of **.*% in sales in March ****, this makes the sector one of the hardest-hit by the pandemic [***]. Sushi restaurants did not manage to dodge the bullet and the impact of the pandemic on them has left some wounds.
One of the leading sushi restaurant chain in the UK, Yo! Sushi, announced in August **** that they were going to permanently close down ** of its restaurants and dismiss *** employees as part of a company restructuring to deal with the pandemic [***]. As of January ****, Yo! Sushi has only managed to reopen ** of its ** UK restaurants. Similarly, another popular sushi chain in the UK, Itsu, is only operating ** of its ** restaurants.
Number of Yo! Sushi and Itsu restaurants open UK, ****, number of restaurants Source: ****
However, the Covid-** pandemic has also had some positive impacts. This has mainly been within the food delivery sector. During the pandemic, this sector soared, with more people ordering food for delivery or takeaway due to lockdown restrictions [***].
2 Demand Analysis
2.1 A growing demand for sushi outlets
Within a national context, the increasing demand for sushi restaurants in the UK is really showing. In ****, a research by the Local data company of the top ** fastest growing restaurant categories in the UK within the year placed Japanese/sushi restaurants as the second fastest growing category, with a **% net change in the number of restaurants. Of all the categories, only pizzerias had a higher net change in the number of restaurants (***).
Net change in the number of new restaurants by categories in **** (***) Source: ****
Similarly, the growth of sushi restaurants is also crushing it among Asian cuisines. In the UK, Chinese and Thai restaurants represent the largest share (***) of the approximately **** Asian restaurants that exist in the country [***]. This trend is changing however, with the share of sushi restaurants among the Asian restaurants increasing from around *% in **** to over **% in ****, with the share of Chinese restaurants going down from approximately **% to **%.
Share of Japanese restaurants within the Asian cuisine market in the UK Number of restaurants, **** Source: ****
To estimate the share of Japanese restaurants within the UK's Asian cuisine market in ****, we can extrapolate from the trend. Following the growth trend that other Asian cusisines have been experiencing, we can estimate ...
2.2 A dominant dish
Sushi is becoming a very big part of pan-asian cuisine in the UK. The growing popularity of sushi can be represented by the share on the menu it occupies of pan-asian restaurants.
In ****, Japanese dishes represented **% of the dishes listed on the main course. Fast forward to ****, the share grows to **% [***].
Share of Japanese dishes in pan-asian main courses UK, ****, % of total dishes Source: ****
Although sushi is not the only Japanese dish that is represented in the graph above, it is the dominant one. Sushi was the most commonly used pan-asian dish in ****, representing **% of total pan-asian listings. This is a big share, given that the second most popular dish on the menus is Chicken curry at **% [***].
2.3 Why do people eat sushi?
Not surprisingly, the main reason why sushi is eaten in the UK is because of the flavour (***) - people enjoy the taste of it. However, in contrast with its Asian counterparts, the healthy and freshness aspects of sushi are * other aspects that appeal to consumers - something that is not the case for cuisines such as Chinese and Thai. Of a survey conducted, **% of respondants are appealled by the healthy factor and **% are appealled by the freshness factor. In comparison, only **% of chinese food consumers eat the food for its healthy aspects and **% for its freshness aspects [***].
Reasons for eating sushi Percentage Source: ****
Given that the healthy and freshness aspects are very significant for UK sushi consumers, it is impoprtant that the products used to produce the sushi (***) are of high quality too.
2.4 Popular for all demographics
Sushi has become a very popular food for many people in the UK. In fact, * in * adults say that they enjoy eating it, making it the fourth most popular Asian food in the UK [***].
From all the sushi consumers, more than half of them are over the age of ** and more than a third of them are over the age of ** [***]. This goes against the commonn misconception that sushi is more popular for youger demographics. In spite of this, sushi has not yet become established within the ** and over demographics, given that this age group is more reluctant to try new foods (***).
Within the context of Asian cuisine, the increasing demand for Sushi really shows. In the pan-Asian eating out sector (***).
3 Market structure
3.1 The price of primary resources
The sushi market is extremely dependant on the market of seafood, in particular that of popular fish species such as the salmon and tuna [***].
Salmon and tuna price UK, ****-****, £/Kg Source: ****
Beyond salmon and tuna, the other important primary resource for the production of sushi is rice. For this, we gather data for the price between **** and ****. We notice that despite an increase in price caused by the pandemic (***) [***].
Global rice price history World, ****-****, $/cwt (***) Source: ****
3.2 The important role of supermarkets
According to a survey, restaurants remain the most popular place for the consumption of sushi in the UK (***). However, the importance of supermarkets is starting to show, given that **% of respondants said that they bought sushi from supermarkets [***]. This makes sushi the most popular Asian food in UK supermarkets if we compare it with other Asian cuisines.
Places people eat/get sushi UK, ****, in % Source: ****
In the graph above, we also see the little role that takeaway and delivery services played in the sushi market industry in ****. Given the rise of delivery services since then, it would be expected that in **** delivery services played a bigger role for sushi - this is talked about more in a later section of the report.
The significance of supermarkets for the UK sushi market has really grown over recent years. The big supermarket chains in the UK such as Tesco, Waitrose, Sainsbury's, Asda and Marks & Spencer, have all started partnering up with sushi restaurants and suppliers in order to sell fresh sushi to the public. In ****, Sainsbury's was reportedly selling **,*** packs of sushi per week [***].
More recently, Tesco entered in a new partnership with Yo! Sushi to open sushi kiosks in some supermarkets, showing ...
3.3 The growing role of delivery services
Within the last decade, the UK has seen a massive increase in its food delivery industry. Just from **** to ****, the number of food deliveries made in a year increased by **%, reaching *.* billion orders in the UK in **** [***].
The companies dominating this industry in the UK are Just Eat, Deliveroo and Uber Eats. While Just Eat has been established in the UK market for a while now, the consumer awareness of Deliveroo and Uber eats has been increasing since ****.
General public awareness of food delivery apps UK, ****-****, in % Source: ****
The number of food delivery app users has also been on a promising upwards trend. Between **** and ****, the number of food delivery apps shot up by around **%, going from **.* million users to **.* million users [***]. This increase has been recently boosted by the Covid-** pandemic due to the lockdown restrictions (***).
Number of users on food delivery apps Source: Business of Apps Given the recent popularity of sushi food in the UK, it can be suggested that sushi has also benefited from the rise of food delivery platforms.
3.4 Sushi chains leading the way
Of the *** estimated restaurants in the UK in ****, a significant number of them are national (***) - they represent nearly a third of total restaurants in the country.
UK sushi franchises as a proportion of total sushi restaurants UK, ****, number of restaurants Source: ****
It is important to note that the number of restaurants for the three chains in question in the graph above is updated for ****. This means that the share these three franchises represent of the total sushi restaurants as of **** will be lower than a third.
The role of franchises
While Yo! Sushi offers franchising opportunities in the UK, neither Wasabi nor Itsu do the same. However, there are other sushi brands in the country that offer this opportunity. Such is the case with ISO sushi, currently operating * restaurants around the UK, and Sushi daily, which operates approximately *** sushi kiosks in the UK [***].
The reason why sushi franchises and chains are becoming an increasingly popular choice for entrepreneurs is because of the potential returns; Sticks 'n' Sushi was reported to be the fastest growing restaurant in the UK in ****, with a compounded annual growth rate of ***.*% [***].
4 Analysis of the offer
4.1 Types of sushi available
In the UK, there is a diversfied choice for consumers when it comes to eating sushi. There is a wide-range of sushi types and fillings that consumers can choose from.
Makis : sushi in the form of a roll wrapped in seaweed Temakis : the preparation is similar to maki, in the form of a cone Nigiris : Slice of raw fish laid on an oval-shaped rice ball California Roll : a maki that contains avocado, crab and cucumber Spring Roll : spring roll Tataki : slice of fish very lightly cooked and marinated in vinegar Chirashi : bowl of rice with assorted toppings Tempura : seafood or fried vegetables Although salmon and tuna are the most popular fish in sushi and sahimi dishes, there are other fish that are also commonly used. These include [***]: Mackerel Squid Eel Crab Scallops Crayfish There are also different types of filling : Avocado Sake : salmon cut into pieces Ebi : shrimps and mayonnaise Ninjin : finely chopped carrot Kappa : cucumber (***) Kampyō : dried pumpkin strips Nattō: fermented soybeans Okra Oshinko: Takuan (***) Pickled radish Tamago omelet Tekka : tuna Tofu Ume : Umeboshi paste (***)
4.2 Sushi box comparison
In the UK, food-to-go is extremely popular, even more so in London, a city that is known for its fast-paced lifestyle [***]. Sushi is the fourth most popular food-to-go meal in the UK, behind sandwiches, hot food, salads and tied with soups.
Favourite food-to-go meals UK, ****, in % Source: ****
In the food-to-go market, sushi is offered in the form of sushi boxes. These sushi boxes are typically composed of multiple pieces of Maki, Nigiri and Sashimi. In the UK, there are many outlets (***), that offer these so-called sushi boxes to the public.
Outlet Composition of box Price Wasabi (***) ** pieces - Maki & nigiri £*.** Pret a manger (***) * pieces - California rolls & nigiri £*.** Itsu (***) ** pieces - California rolls, nigiri & sashimi £*.** Yo! Sushi (***) ** pieces - Maki, california rolls, nigiri & sashimi £*.** Tanpopo (***) * pieces - Maki £*.** Asda (***) ** pieces- Maki & nigiri £*.** Waitrose (***) ** pieces - Maki, california rolls & nigiri £*.** Boots (***) * pieces - Maki, california rolls & nigiri £*.** Tesco (***) * pieces - Maki, california rolls & nigiri £*.** Co-op (***) * pieces - Maki, california rolls & nigiri £*.** Source: [***] Sushi box price comparison UK, ****, in £ Source: [***]
5 Regulation
5.1 Regulations on the sale of sushi
In the UK, food health & safety is taken extremely seriously and this is why there are regulations in place to ensure that it is safe for consumers to consume sushi.
In accordance with the Commission Regulation (***) must follow a freezing treatment to ensure that any parasites are killed [***]. The freezing conditions need to be at least:
–**˚C for not less than ** hours; or –**˚C for not less than ** hours
Fishery products are exempted from these freezing conditions if they have undergone (***) a heat treatment of at least **˚C for * minute or more before consumption [***].
Beyond the regulations for the fish products in sushi, there are also regulations for the sushi rice. If the sushi rice is mixed with a vinegar and salt solution, then the sushi outlet must ensure that the pH of the solution is lower than *.*. If this is the case, then the sushi rice can be left out of temperature controls for long periods of time. However, if the sushi outlet does not have a tool that allows them to measure the pH of the solution, then the sushi rice must not be left out for a long time [***].
6 Positioning of the players
6.1 Segmentation
- Itsu
- Yo! Sushi
- Wasabi
- Sticks n Sushi
- Sushi Daily - KellyDeli
- Sushi Gourmet (Hana Group)
- Wasabi Sushi & Bento
- Itsu Grocery France (Bertrand Groupe)
- Sushisamba
- Atelier Sushi
- Eat Tokyo
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the sushi market | UK
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